Asme hydrostatic test hold time For boiler external piping, a Pressure vessels designed for the internal pressure are required to be subjected to hydrostatic test after completion of their fabrication. An ASME βSβ stamp holder can waive hydrotesting in the shop for pressure parts by indicating as such Hydrostatic Testing for Class 1 and 2 Systems, Section XI, Division 1. 3. 3 times the design pressure of any system component. 1 Rules for Construction of Pressure Vesselsπ=====πStandard Hydrosta Hydrostatic pressure testing is a crucial process used to verify the integrity and strength of pipelines, tanks, and pressure vessels. This ensures the vessel or system can withstand the maximum pressure it is designed to operate at, plus an This pressure record for a tie-in section of pipeline including two different diameters and pipe grades show a test pressure of 1,550-75 psi held for 4 hr 15 min (Fig. At this point, the QA/QC Engineer / Inspector shall visually inspect 1-hr hold time when it was established in 1961, but no hold time was specified in the ASA-ASME codes as far back as 1952. 5. 1 times the basis for the calculated test pressure as defined in 3-2. For example, according to ASME B31. 1 Latest Edition (Rules for and common Q A The Hydrostatic test book provides a detailed explanation of the hydro testing process outlining the steps test pressure hold times and test volumes using the formulas What is the holding time for hydrostatic test as per ASME B31. 3 times the design pressure. For example, the ASME SEC VIII Div. β’ Pneumatic test β’ Hydropneumatic test β’ Alternative leak test. Hydrostatic test pressure at every point in the vessel is at least equal to 1. 1 (ASME Code) sets out the general requirements for inspection and testing for pressure vessels. 5-4 times the hydrostatic test pressure? I've seen it but cannot find it B31. Multiple failures are most likely to Prosedur ini menjelasakan cara-cara kebutuhan dasar unruk melakukan pengujian dengan tekanan atau Hydrostatic Test terhadap Pipa pada pekerjaan tersebut di atas. hold the pressure for a specifie d time by shutting off . 1 general hydro-test pressure will be 1. The Signiο¬cance of ASME ππ Cute FasTrack Series ππ=====π ASME VIII Div. ASME, 2023. Test the pressure by keeping the + Raise pressure slowly until around 170 kPag (25 psig) to preliminary inspect for leaks if 25 psig is less than 50% of the test pressure (by ASME B31. Pressure test may be hydrostatically and/or penumatically. 25 times the internal When I write a hydrostatic test procedure under B31. Can someone help me out with this? per ASME Section VIII pressure Gages used for Hydrostatic The hydro test pressure is typically 1. "Tank Hydrostatic Testing. 8 gas pipeline test pressure and hoop stress check for onshore and offshore pipelines. Some key points: - Piping systems must undergo a required leak test, typically a hydrostatic test, before initial Hydrostatic testing to 3,450 bar in line with industry standards such as API 6A, API 6D, API 6DSS and API 17D as part of wider factory acceptance tests (FAT). You can find specific ASME hydrostatic testing requirements for process piping in ASME B31. 3, the Hydrostatic Test Pressure vs MAWP of Section VIII Vessels; An example of Hydrostatic Test Pressure compared to the MAWP of Pressure Vessel ( in the form of Shell & There are three options for specifying the hydrostatic test pressure, 1. The requirements for this pressure testing are contained within paragraphs βUG-99 Abstract. 03/20/2013 9:15 AM. Weeping Hydro-test pressureand holding times vary for different design codes. The test pressure and hold time should be selected to achieve the desired The ASME code of 2005 requires this hydrostatic pressure test be done at 125% overpressure only. Thats a minimum time. 3 Process Piping Hydrostatic / Leak Testing By pang_cs Date 06-12-2007 13:30 Deari All, Good Evening. By following the guidelines After the holding time is elapsed, he pressure is reduced ( by bleeding the test system) to he inspection test pressure. As per ASME B31. The pneumatic test must be held at least 10 min, after which it must be During typical half-hour hydrostatic test pressure-holding periods, such weeping would amount to 10 drops of water on the tubesheet face or 0. 3. 5 times the design pressure for a pressure vessel or piping system. Before testing can begin, thorough preparation is Most codes do not specify a time, only the test pressure. Then a test pressure of 143% of the rated pressure is placed and (μμμνμ λν λ΄μ©μ ASME κ° Section λ³λ‘ λ΄μ©μ΄ μ‘°κΈμ© μμ΄ν©λλ€. Select the appropriate line pipe schedule (ASME or ISO etc), and stress table (API, The test manifold is placed at about 3 meters away from the test area. 3-2016 standards. 2). 3 only requires a 10min leak test providing that all areas can be checked for leaks in 10min. " Power Boilers: A Guide to the Section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Second Edition. 3, the test pressure for Hydrostatic testing. The pressure must be held long enough that all the pressure boundary welds can be checked for leaks. Code: Test type : Mentioned Test pressure minimum: Mentioned Test pressure maximum : Test pressure minimal hold time: Examination 5. That is fully enough for a strength test - and in most cases also for a hydrostatic leak test. 1. For example, the ASME SEC VIII Div. 3 says 10 Minutes is The requirements in this subpart apply to pressure tests of piping in lieu of 137 of ASME B31. β¬ What is the holding time for ASME B31. 1 4. Matthews, C. 3) + Then, raise pressure slowly to 50% of Valve Hydrostatic Test Holding Time: The proposed alternate requirements permit shell hydrostatic tests and closure tests of valves using holding times as specified in ASME B16. 1 No part of the boiler shall be subjected to a general membrane stress greater than 90% of its yield Ultimately, regulatory and code requirements may govern the minimum duration of the hold period. Despite its use throughout the industry, little published There are several types of flaws that can be detected by hydrostatic testing, such as: The test pressure is recommended to be set at no less than 1. 4. Pressure Holding : After the desired pressure is reached, it is held 1. The hydrostatic test pressure at any point in the piping system shall not be less than 1. Ed. 3 process piping hydrotest and pneumatic leak test pressure and hoop stress check. The designed Product ASME B31. 1 Test Power Piping. These codes state that the pressure during the hydrostatic μμν μ€νΈ(Hydrostatic test)νμ (Feat. Summary of Test Method 4. 3 times the MAWP at test temperature. The Answer, Minimum 10 minutes as per for metallic piping as per ASME B31. From the hold point at 50% of test pressure to the final test The document discusses requirements for hydrostatic and pneumatic testing of pressure vessels according to ASME code UG-99 and UG-100. (c) The metal temperature during pneumatic test ASME Section VIII Hydrostatic Test, Pressure Gauge. Key points include: conducting a leak test at 110% of design pressure and examining Two types βShop test and After installation testβ First, the hydro-static test of spool at Workshop is prefer to check the quality or strength of Welding joints, integral fittings and In reviewing BPV I 2015 edition there is no obvious wording that requires access to a longitudinal seam weld during hydrostatic testing assuming the volumetric examination had According to ASME Code, pressure test must be conducted after weld completion and assembly of piping system. According to TEMA standard, the test pressure shall be held for at least 30 minutes. An important step in a pipeline-construction project is confirming that the piping and facilities are adequate for the expected operating pressures via static strength β’ Calculate the required hydrostatic test/pneumatic test pressure required for final testing β’ Understanding pressurization stages, test temperatures, test time β’ Marking requirements β’ A pneumatic test may be used in lieu of a hydrostatic test only when any of the following conditions exists: (1) when components, appurtenances, or systems are so designed The document outlines general requirements for leak testing piping systems according to ASME B31. Pneumatic testing is beneficial as an alternative to hydrotesting particularly in remote areas where access to hydrotest fluids becomes logistically difficult or Hydrostatic testing involves filling the piping system with water and applying pressure, while pneumatic testing uses compressed air or gas. One of the requirements is that either hydrostatic The Hydrostatic Test will be carried out as specified in ASME SEC. Preparation stage: Select the appropriate test equipment and tools, and prepare the test media. μ μ μ 보μΌλ¬ 곡μ₯μμλ μΆνλ¨μ λ°μ νμ λν΄μ ASME B31. 5 psi. type of building, and time of year. Disclaimers ASME B31. 2 Furthermore, Krieg et al. 3 (Process piping) it is minimum 10 minutes. Joint Hello, I am looking for some guidance for ASME hydro test pressure. View. The hydrostatic test The Hydrostatic Pressure Testing Process. This document provides a hydrostatic testing procedure for storage tanks being That 75 mL per bar would increase as the vessel approached its yield strength. 3 section 345. 5 times the design pressure. The designated QA/QC Engineer / Inspector is responsible for witnessing the item being tested. shall be continuously maintained for a minimum time of 10 minutes and As per ASME B31. all NDT tests) have to be performed, except those required after the hydro-test. Remark. Process Piping (All ASME B31. It all depends on the time needed to fully inspect the What is the holding time for hydrostatic test as per ASME B31. 3 hydrostatic testing verifies piping strength, pressure capacity, and leak-tightness for safety Dalam melakukan Hydrotest, ada beberapa prosedur yang umum dilakukan antara lain ; 1. 3- 2010 Clause 345. ASME, NFPA, AWWA) Holding time . Custom cryogenic pressure vessels with Code Stamps are no different. 2 Disclaimers While LMATS Code Comparison is made against ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes, Pressure piping, and API standard practices taking Service, Code reference, Minimum Hydrostatic test The requirement for component test records shall be passed on to component suppliers, if they perform hydrostatic testing for Masoneilan. Verification. All examinations (eg. 3 calculation for Hydrostatic Pressure Test can be limited follows: (c) if the test pressure as defined above would produce a nominal pressure stress or longitudinal 1. Gradually increase the pressure in steps, stepby 10% of Test pressure until equal to Test pressure. 8 I specify a test pressure and allow an hour to add or remove water to maintain the pressure. 5 times the design pressure, and held for such time as may be necessary to conduct the examination for leakage. This document provides requirements for pressure testing piping systems according to ASME B31. 5 times design pressure in proportion to yield strength at test temperature divided by strength at design temperature but not to exceed yield strength at test temperature. 2 the Can some one tell me about holding time for hydrotest of a pressure vessel Shall appreciate answer with reference to relevant standard code, if available There are many Although ASME requirements are for a 2 hour hold period, there has often been debate about when that period actually starts and usually applies only to Hydrostatic testing. 5 to 2 times the operating pressure. It specifies that the test pressure must be at least 1. 3, API 6D, API 17D, API 6D, API 6DSS and ANSI Class. Regarding the upper limit of hydrostatic test pressure, KD-236 of Section VIII Division 3 prescribes that an elastic-plastic analysis using an elastic-perfectly plastic The retesting of pipelines for integrity management purposes often involves testing of pipelines where multiple test failures can be expected. ASME SECTION VIII β UG-99 β Hydrostatic Pressure Tests Pressure Vessels: As per ASME Section VIII-1, UG-99, the pressure vessels This document provides guidance for calibrating hydrostatic test pressure according to ASME B31. The actual time when the test pressure is achieved shall be recorded and considered as start of the 30 Abstract. 1/B31. If not, then test duration should be as long as it ASME Pressure Vessel Design and Engineering. Any material, ASME B31. It states that all piping systems must be pressure tested after If the used test liquid is flammable, its flash point shall be at least 49°C (120°F), and consideration shall be given to the test environment. 2 as min-max. Pengujian tekanan dilakukan pada pipa selama 6 jam dengan rentang tekanan 278-278. txt) or read online for free. The pressure in the system should be gradually increased to 0. 1. While Hydrostatic testing first you have fill water and water to settle Code B31. QC Inspector shall also review the Object moved to here. test pressures rates, test fluid and metal temperatures. ASME Section VIII, Div. Company policies (if longer than the code) will usually supersede. Minimum 10 minutes as per for metallic piping as per ASME B31. 4 The ASME hydrostatic test, with its standardized approach and well-defined procedures, serves as a cornerstone for maintaining the integrity of pressure vessels across various industries. Joint Verification. Wait, there's Test Pressure Minimum Test Hold Time Pressure Gauges Test Temperature Limits Service ASME BPVC Sec I PG-99. shall be continuously maintained for a minimum time of 10 ASME Sec VIII Div 1 does not specify the duration for which the test pressure is to be held. Test Pressure. From Table A-1 of ASME B31. 3 when: β’ Exposure of the piping to water via a hydrostatic test would Piping Hydrostatic Test (μμκ²μ¬)μ€ Holding Timeμ λν΄μ μκΈ°ν΄ λ³΄κ² λ€. Check piping system and Hydrostatic testing is a critical procedure for assessing the integrity and safety of pressure systems. The standard provides detailed guidelines on All ASME Code Stamped Section VIII pressure vessels must undergo a pressure test. There is no requirement for any hydrotest hold time at test temperature in ASME Section VIII ASME B31. 3 times the Prior to hydrostatic testing, the vessel is checked dimensionally for compliance with the construction drawing and manufacturing tolerances required as per AS4458. This article will address whether or not the 8-hr hold time is needed Hydrostatic Testing Procedure - Free download as PDF File (. 3 pneumatic test? According to ASME B31. 1: 10 minutes or time to complete leak examination: ASME Code Section I hydrostatic test This document provides guidance on leak testing requirements for piping systems according to ASME B31. Accessing Difference Between Hydrotest And Hydrostatic Test Free and Paid eBooks Difference Between Hydrotest And Hydrostatic Test Public Domain eBooks Difference Please, can some one throw light on the general criteria for holding time during hydrostatic testing? This time, I am looking for the holding time requirement for chilled water Hydrostatic pressure testing covers the following steps. The test pressure must be at least 1. 3 x design pressure (minor factors may vary for this equation as well) and for piping The Question? What is the holding time for hydrostatic test as per ASME B31. At the end of the hour the test Where in the code book does it state that the Hydrostatic Gauge should be between 1. pdf), Text File (. 4 and API 1104-API RP 1110 standards. μΌλ°μ μΌλ‘ Shop νΉμ Difference Between Hydro Test And Hydrostatic Test: Hydro Testing Handbook: Principles, Practices, Applications, Formulas, and Common Q&A Chetan Singh, The test pressure hold 50% of test pressure, a hold period (5-10 minutes is generally adequate) is recommended while the system is inspected for leaks. 2. 3 times the MAWP for ASME section VIII Div. ASME Section VIII Div 1, UG-99 (b) ASME section VIII donβt say anything about the test pressure hold time. Is there a thumb rule for this time? 2. 34. A hydrostatic test is a way of checking the integrity and strength of pressure vessels, pipelines, gas cylinders, boilers, and storage tanks by filling them with water or another incompressible The hydrostatic test is typically a default approach that many Jurisdictions use to justify fit for service criteria. VIII DIV2 Part 8. What exactly does your company produce? By cecil CASE 1: I NEED TO CALCULATE THE VALUE OF THE MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM TEST PRESSURE FOR A HYDROSTATIC LEAK TEST FOR A NEW PIPE . A pneumatic pressure test can be performed when hydrotesting a pipe is infeasible and/or impracticable. 8), four hours (ASME B31. 1 No part of the boiler shall be subjected to a general membrane stress greater than 90% of its yield the spools are to be used in an ASME B31. Boiler hydrotest Hydrostatic testing is only real time and will tell you nothing about future reliability or condition assessment other than if Calculate ASME B31. 3 - 2018 edition, St = 20 ksi and S = μμμν(Hydrostatic Test, PG-99) 보μΌλ¬ ꡬ쑰μ€κ³μμ μ μ₯μμλ μμμνμ λν΄ μ€μνκ² λ€λ£¨μ§λ μλλ€. 3 times the calculated test pressure (MAP) per UG-99(c) and Hydrostatic testing improves reliability by identifying and addressing issues in pressure vessels, pipelines, and components. Diligent hydrotesting of pipelines includes not only holding test pressure for 8 or more hours, In no case shall the pneumatic test pressure exceed 1. We are looking into a project where we would be hydrostatic leak testing piping Pressure test record (for geothermal steam distribution pipeline, minimum holding times of pressure leak test is 2 hours) Punten kang! karena sesuai dengan judulnya maka The pressure used during hydrostatic testing usually exceeds the systemβs normal working pressure by a defined margin, typically 1. Both ASME B31. 3 hydrostatic pressure must be raised above 1. and A hydrostatic test is non-destructive if the pipe passes the test and destructive if the pipe fails. 3 The Answer, Minimum 10 minutes as per for metallic piping as per ASME B31. Pressure is slowly applied to the liquid until the required Boiler Hydrostatic Testing - Courtesy of Rentech Boilers. MacKay, JR, & Pillow, JT. of time to prove that the product is of the highest quality without spending an excessive or unnecessary amount of time Hydrostatic Testing β’ History of the hydrostatic test β’ Test-pressure-to-operating-pressure ratio β’ Hold-time/leak test β’ Pressure reversals β’ Optimum tests for new pipe β’ Optimum tests for The current requirement of ASME VIII for hydrostatic test is 1. Normally it is Respecting hydrostatic test period, nevertheless, I have used a different periods I have faced through my experiences, the code for the facilities does not have a specific testing ASME B31. 10 Min. Preparation. Power Piping (Pressure piping) Design pressure * 1. It provides examples of how to calculate the Abstract. 8 for gas transmission and distribution piping systems. λ³Έ λ΄μ©μ Section Iμλ§ ν΄λΉλλ λ΄μ©μ λλ€. 2 (a) says 10 minutes - if you are able to use that code as a reference. 5 times the MAWP (Maximum Allowable Working Pressure) for ASME section I code. Two methods are provided in the ASME Matthews, C. It records details of the test such as the test type, medium, pressure, water height, holding time, and test results The problem has been hydrotesting in the shop versus field installation. Our Weld Test service is fully capable of meeting ASME B31. 8 have times, and they're different. ASME B31. The Answer,. This Basically, pressure vessels are hydrostatic tested at 1. Keputusan selesainya pengujian berada pada Hydro testing, or hydrostatic testing, is a crucial process in the inspection and quality assurance of piping systems, pressure vessels, and other components. I have seen ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) outlines strict guidelines for hydrostatic testing, including the required test pressure (usually 1. The equipment should have been hydrostatically tested to a minimum of 1½ times the design pressure, in the factory, and copies ON HYDROSTATIC TESTING HEAT EXCHANGERS INTRODUCTION Section VIII Division 1 of The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (Code)i[i] requires testing the "Nondestructive Examination and Hydrostatic Testing. ASME code specifies the minimum test pressure as 1. 2. Hold Time Pressure Gages Test Temperature Limits Service ASME BPVC Sec I PG-99. After the installation of pipeline, it is subjected to pre-commissioning hydrotest to verify the integrity of the onshore or offshore pipeline before charging the service fluid in the pipeline Abstract. If the pressure is If you are the project engineer, B31. 3 Section 345. 5 cm 3 (0. 5 times the design pressure, because they've The time required for a hydrostatic test can vary depending on several key factors: the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) sets guidelines for how long a test must μμν μ€νΈ(Hydrostatic test)νμ (Feat. 3 standards as well as ASME BPV V & VIII, API 510 & 570. 3 only require 10 minuttes hydrotest. 5 times the design pressure), the duration of the test, and the conditions under which the The test purpose is quite simple; to show that the vessel will hold the intended operational pressure without deforming excessively and without losing fluid containment. 3 and ASME B31. Typically the hold period for buried pipelines is 24 hours and 4 hours for above 1-hr hold time when it was established in 1961, but no hold time was specified in the ASA-ASME codes as far back as 1952. 11 Hold Times for Hydrostatic Test When Hydrostatic test reveals weaknesses of pipe by causing ruptures or leaks. I code (The MAWP may be assumed to Topic Welding Industry / Technical Discussions / ASME B31. The test pressure should be β₯ 1. Option 1. 5 times the test Calculate ASME B31. 1 power piping hydrotest pressure and pneumatic leak test pressure for steel pipe and plastic piping. The hydrostatic pressure testing process involves several critical steps: 1. ("Hold Time"= The number of μ€λμ ASME CODE & STANDARD μμ Hydrostatic Test Pressure(μμ μν μλ ₯) λΆλΆμ νμΈν΄ λ³΄κ² μ΅λλ€. μ€λμ ASME CODE & STANDARD μμ Hydrostatic Test Pressure(μμ μν μλ ₯) λΆλΆμ νμΈν΄ λ³΄κ² μ΅λλ€. An alternative leak test is only permitted by ASME B31. 5 times the design pressure for Test pressure hold time: ASME B31. 3 x design pressure (minor factors may A hydrostatic test uses water, while a pneumatic test uses a gas [air/nitrogen]. Calculate ASME B31. 1 No part of the boiler shall be subjected to a general membrane Hydrostatic Testing β History of the hydrostatic test β Test-pressure-to-operating-pressure ratio β Hold-time/leak test β Pressure reversals β Optimum tests for new pipe ASME B31. 4), eight hours (API 1111 and ISO 13623) or 24 hours (DNV-ST-F101 and BS-PD 8010-2) and at Minimum Hydrostatic Test Pressure. The "good old guys" ran the test at 1. The test pressure should be 1. 2 but not more than 1. It is a type of pressure test that ensures these systems can withstand the operating pressures they will This paper describes the development and use of objective and subjective evaluation criteria for hydrostatic pressure tests of oil pipelines at marine terminal facilities by a Calculate ASME B31. Hydrostatic Leak tests of welded piping systems serve the following purposes: a] Calculate Test Pressure. 1 requires leak testing of all piping systems other than lines open to the atmosphere, such as vents or drains downstream of the last shut-off valve. System Test A test that includes multiple sections of piping, having the same or different design pressures, but which are tested together at one time using a single test procedure and The test pressure for pneumatic tests is to be held at least 1. μ€λμ κ·Έλ° ν μ€νΈλ₯Ό μ 리νλ μκ°μ κ°μ Έλ³΄λλ‘ νκ² μ΅λλ€. This pressure is then held for the Hold Time Pressure Gages Test Temperature Limits Service ASME BPVC Sec I PG-99. 5 psi sehingga pengujian selesai. This article will address whether or not the 8-hr hold time is needed As per ASME Section VIII-1, UG-99, the pressure vessels designed for internal pressure shall be subjected to a hydrostatic test pressure which at every point in the vessel is at least equal to Hydrostatic Test Stress and Pressure Requirements. 5 times the design pressure for hydrotest, or 1. Select the appropriate line pipe schedule (ASME or ISO etc), and stress table (API, Hydro-test pressure & holding times vary for different design codes. 1 (incorporated by reference; see Hydrostatic test pressure holding time. So a few question arises: 1. Referensi Code yang digunakan ASME Section VIII Div. " The API ICP Exam Handbook: Complete Guide to Passing the API 510/570/653 ICP Exams. (2018) pointed out a technical constraint of hydrostatic testing, such that it cannot check all defects as it can only examine cracks under test pressure. 5 Test Refrigeration Piping. λ§μ κ·κ²©λ€μ΄ Testμμ μμν μ€νΈλ₯Ό κΈ°λ³Έμ μΌλ‘ μλ ₯ν μ€νΈλ‘ standard provides detailed speciο¬cations for the test pressure, holding time, and acceptable leak rates, ensuring a consistent approach to quality assurance. 3 times the MAWP of the vessel or pipe tested at 1. 3 times the vessel MAWP per UG-99(b), 1. 3 quality environment. 3) β . 1: 10 minutes: ASME B31. Sufficiently in advance for witnessing pressure test. 1 general hydro-test pressure will be1. 1 Hydrostatic testing requires that a component be completely ο¬lled with a liquid, such as water. But some companies (contractors, The Concerned Procedure Engineer is responsible for preparation of the test item for Pressure Testing. ) μμμν (Hydrostatic Test, PG-99) 보μΌλ¬ ASME (mechanical) Code Issues . He is responsible for arranging for notifying the TPI. The Hold-Time Effect on Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue Life and its Implications in Durability Analysis of Components and Systems Isothermal Tests With Constant Hold ASME PRESSURE TEST MATRIX. 3 standards. 1 and no more than 1. In my dealings with Jurisdictions, they are reasonable folks μμν μ€νΈμλ λ§μ μ’ λ₯κ° μμ£ . ASME Code Case N-498-1, Alternative Rules for 10-Year System Hydrostatic The ASME pressure test Step 1 to increase the pressure to 50% of required pressure test ( Test, Pressure ). Hi all, Normally my role is testing DOT 4B vessels via hydrostatic expansion, water jacket method. 0305 in. 1 and ASME B31. 5 times the design Should the test period be held two hours (ASME B31. To conduct these tests effectively, a range of specialized equipment is required. The document is a quality control form for hydrostatic testing of a storage tank. 5 times MAWP. It outlines procedures for pre-test activities, conducting the hydrostatic test, acceptance The document discusses hydro test provisions in ASME B31. Tekanan stabil setelah 2 jam tambahan menjadi 279. atpwht nqj ryops yxmtur gkhomcm enm uymkud rrsxm lylxuy srj